This was the Andalusian counterpart to St. Thomas:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averroes
Both St. Thomas and Averroes were Aristotelian. Aristotle in those days was lesser known than Plato. The Catholic hierarchy had tried to suppress teaching Aristotelian philosophy in the cathedral schools and budding universities, but were unsuccessful. They couldn't really stop anybody from teaching it legally. It became the basis for Thomistic theology which is now the primary basis for Catholic theology today as opposed to Platonism in those days.
Averroes was shut right the fuck down by the clerics.
The heart of the problem was that both men considered faith and reason to be coequals. The truth is the truth is the truth. Faith without reason is like a bird with one wing, and vice versa. But the Muslim religion does not really allow for that. It's faith is above all else, including science and reason.
Indeed, even in the height of the Ottoman empire, which was arguably the most powerful Islam ever got, the Sultans periodically had the physical philosophers (what would be a scientist in the medieval world) murdered. Physical science was not considered Muslim. Muslims had their own "Muslim sciences" that promulgated the Islamic religion.
St. Thomas once remarked that he couldn't believe anybody would take the Islamic faith seriously after having read the Koran. Perhaps he was on to something. Islam requires quite a lot of intellectual suppression to persist. That's ironic to me because the same people who constantly signal the inquisition myth are the ones with the raging boner for Islam.