Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799) was an Italian Catholic priest, biologist and physiologist who made important contributions to the experimental study of bodily functions, animal reproduction, and essentially animal echolocation. He was a traveler, a fossil collector, a teacher, expositor, and controversialist.

Spallanzani was educated at the Jesuit College and started to study law at the University of Bologna but did not finish. He also studied languages, both ancient and modern. He was a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Science           4                   Biologist, teacher, Academy of Sciences

Law                 1                    Studied law for a time   

Medicine         2                    Physiologist                                  

Business         0                       

Philosophy      0                                        

Art                   0                       

Travel              2                       

Sports              2                    Famed collections  

Beauty             1                     Expositor & controversialist   

Family              0                   

Fame               1                        

Civic                0                                 

Career            1                        

Wealth            0                        

Leader            0                        

Humanity        1                       Priest

TOTAL           15                      Universalis