Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212 BC) was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. He is generally considered the greatest mathematician of antiquity and one of the greatest of all time, anticipating modern calculus and analysis by applying concepts of infinitesimals and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove a range of geometrical theorems, including the area of a circle, the surface area and volume of a sphere, and the area under a parabola. He was also one of the first to apply mathematics to physical phenomena, founding hydrostatics and statics, including an explanation of the principle of the lever.

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